Fireproof-building construction.



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G. B.- .WAITE. FIREPROOF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION. I

APPLICATION TILED OCT. 26, 1906. V I

' Patented June'l6,'1914.

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(2' pBWmza G. B. WAITE. v FIRBPROOF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED 00126, 1906. r I

' Patented June 16, 1914.

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jCZu j v be plumbedand supported by false-work and an same our. njwarrn, or new YOE-K,-N. "r.

- FIREPROOF-BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

incense.

Specification of Iietters Patent. Patented June 16, 19114,

i Application filed 0ctober26.1906. Seria1No.340,703.

city, county, and State of New York, Have- 5 lnvented certain new and useful- Improve ments inFireproof-Buildlng Constructions,

of which the following is a specification:

This invention relates to the subject of fire-proof buildings.

, F or several years past the most important fire-proof buildings, especially in large cities, have been constructedwith a steel skeleton filled in between and around the steel with fire-proof materials. The steel skeleton has furnished the factor of strength, the steel being designed to carry the entire load; the

fire-proofing being a protection and filler for the steel work. More recently steel reinforcement to concrete for building construction has been introduced, in which construction steel bars or rods are incorporated into a concrete mass, the steel forming a small percentage only of the entire structural work. In the former mode or style of construction .the steel work is carefully and accurately designed and detailed so that the parts of the steel structure shall fit exactly together and the whole can be erected to independently carry and transmit loads from one part of the structure to the other. In the latter construction the concrete and steel must be united to sustain and transmitthe loads from one part of the structure to the other.

The mode of procedure in the erection of the steel skeleton construction is to first proceed with the erection of the steel work which is thoroughly tied and braced. When thesteel-has been correctly set for several stories in height (so as to be out of the way of other Work) the fire-proofing and other work is installed, and follows the erection of the steel frame. The mode of procedure in the erection of reinforced concrete buildings differs from that of the steel skeleton type in that all parts of the construction have to all parts of the construction have to go into the false-work simultaneously to be united.

In cities where space for false-work, necessary in bar reinforced concreteconstruction, is difficult to get, and where rapid construction is demanded, the steel skeleton construction has decided advantages over the bar reinforced concrete in the following particula-rs: (a). The steel uprights are plumbed and set quickly and immediately ofi'er asafe I support. (7)) The beams and girders connected to the uprights can iberigidlyfastened and proper braces used to make a stiff skelleton capable of carrying loads immedi! ate put ih independently of each other at the same time that the erection of the steel is the caseof concrete reinforced with rods or bars, under present practice the entire construction must be put in at one time in order to give a monolithic mass ;neither the steel nor the concrete can proceed independently. The erection of the necessary false-work, the subsequent running in of the concrete and steel at the same time, and the necessity of waiting for the hardening of the concrete before proceeding with the next story, especially in inclement and freezing weather, are very serious defects at present in .this form of construction.

a construction of steel and concrete which shall have all the advantages" possessed by the steel skeleton constructionin respect to (a) safety and rapidity of erection, (b) independence in the erection of steel and concrete, the production of strength and stiffness without the exact and careful detailing of steel and the expensive setting of the same necessary in the steel skeleton construction where every partmust fit exactly and all bolts and rivets must be tight, giving the lines and levels for guiding the concrete construction which is to follow the port for the scaffolding, etc; and, in addition to having the above advantages in common with thesteel skeleton construction, also to have the economy of the concrete construction.

In my present construction the steel used in the upright supports is preferably of the open latticed type, temporarily supported on and through which the steel floor members rights to enable the light steel work to be carried up a suitable distance. ahead of the other work, the amount of such steel being determined to suit the conditions and to carry such loads as are necessary until the concrete is hardened. When the steel work has been advanced sufliciently, the hollow uprights are packed. with concrete, which latter forms a principal part of the carrying member after it becomes hard. The steel in (0) Floor and Wall filling can be proceeding above. On the other hand, in

extend. Sufiicient steel is used in these up The object .of this invention is to produce preliminary steel, and (a) giving the supthe uprights, besides- -carrying temporary loads, embraces the concrete and strengthens the same.

' 'According -to my construction the steel ribs of the uprights are plumbed, and the steel floor members are laid across and temporarily supported on shelves or brackets secured to said uprights. Suitable clamps hold the floor members to the steel of the uprights. upright between the steel ribs thereof, it goes around the ends ofthe floor members which project inside the upright. embedding said floor members and forming a .stifi connection equivalent to the best riveted connection of the steel skeleton construction, The beams [do not have to be exact in length or exactly punched, as in riveted steel work,

- since the concrete efiects a perfect connection.

The steelfioor members are small I-beams.

or-other light'rigid structural steel members of standard commercial shapes capable of" holding themselves in straight lines and StlfiGIlOllghtO brace the temporary structure and support necessary scaffolding to allow thesteel to proceed ahead of the concrete. The small steel floor members are so located:

that theywill act ultimately as tension'min bersto theconcrete, and, w1th.the latter constitute a relnforced concrete construction,

shear-resisting strips or bars being also preferably included; but until the concrete is hardened the steel acts independently andline 4'1f'of Fig. 3; Fig. 5isa view similar to Fig.- 3, illustrating variations which can be made. in the design of the steel u ')rights;

and Figsi'fi, 7 and 8 are detail views, illustrating'v:'i;r'-ious means of temporarily connecting the fioor-beap1s to each other and to the upright." l

Referring first to Figs. 1 and 2, which show the general scheme or plan of my invention, 10 represents the outer or inclosing walls of the building, which may be of either brick or concrete. 11 designates each of a series of uprights or columns forming the vertical supports of the, structure and stepped on pedestals 12 (Fig. 2.). Each of 1 these uprights or columns comprise a skeleton pillar or post designated as an entirety by When the concrete is run into the view, with the 13 and formed by light steel bars of various column is shown at the right, while the completed column with its filling and covering of concrcte'i shown at the left. 14 and 15 I designate light steel I-beam girders of single and twin formation, respectively, extending between and supported by the columns, which girders may be of other commerical forms,'such as T-beams 14 and deck-beams 1a" (Fig.2); and 16 designates light steel floorbeams disposed transversely of and supported on the girders. It will be observed by reference to Figs. 3 to 7 as constituting a'leading feature of my invention that the ends ofthegirders and of such of the floor beams as he in the planes of the columns project into the latter so as to be embedded and firmly held in and by the concrete filling of said columns, such concrete filling effecting the permanent connection of the part in the finished structure.

itl he light steel girders and floor-beams con- 'stitute, in the finished structure, the steel reinforcement" of the; finished concrete girders'and beams indicated at 17 and 18 respectively, in Fig. 2, wherein 19 indicates the finished concrete floors; and said steel floor members need be of sufficient weight and strength only to tie the light frame structure together and hold up scaiiolding and other normal temporary or building loads. In case any heavy temporary weight is to be carried on these members before the concrete has been run in or set around them, temporary props may be placed beneath them.

Referring to the detail structure of the steel skeleton of the uprights or columns, it

will be evident that this is capable of almost limitless variation, the essential thing being that the structure shall be open for the reception of the ends of the steel floor 1116111- -bers and the concrete body or filling, and shall be sufficiently rigid to support the light steel flooring and permit the erection of the steel reinforcement in advance of the concrete. Preferably, I and in the principal forms herein shown, each column is substantially rectangular in cross-section, although it may be of other forms and comprises esscntially four upright light steel bars 20, one at each of the four corners, connected by some form of lattice-work 21. may be of any of the commercial forms, such as angles, channels, Ts, etc., as illustrated in Fig. 1 and the detail views, lfigs .'g,3 to 7 and;

in addition to or in lieu o tdihecorner-bars any other combination ortttrrangement cf,

shown by thechannels 22 and angles 23 in These bars Fig. 5. At intervals corresponding to the distance apart of the floors the corner-bars of the columns are additionally connected and tied together by horizontal plates or brackets. as shown at 24 and 25; which latter serve the principal function of' supports for the ends of the steel floor girders and beams, respectively. The meeting ends of the steel girders and floor-beams may be temporarily tied together by any suitable means, such as the straps 36 and 27 and where the ends of said floor members engage the columns they. are preferably clamped thereto.

By the expression temporarily tied together, and like expressions used herein. I mean such a connection as suffices to unite and hold together the parts of the frame during the erection of the latter and the application of the concrete, the concrete itself forming theprincipal and permanent connecting agent, although the temporary connections are allowed to remain in the finished structure.

As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the twin girders 15 may be clamped to bracket 24 by a clamp-plate 28 and central bolt 29; the floorbeams 16 may be clamped to the plates 25 by clamps 30 and hooked bolts 31 engaging beneath the lower edge of plate 25 or by straight bolts 32 anchored in a lower clamp member 33 riveted to the plate 25. Where the ends of the girders and floor-beams project into thecolumn far enough to overlie one another. as shown in F igs. 5. 6 and 7, as also where the girders and floor-beams cross each other at points between the column's. they are preferably clamped together temporarily in order to insure sufficient rigidity to the steel frame to safely carry the temporary loading. This may be effected in a great variety of ways. lVhere the adjacent ends of two floor-beams overlie twin girders, as in Figs. 5 6 and 7. a bolt'31 may be passed between the two tie-straps 27 and through a clamp-plate 35 underlying the girders. \Vhere the adjacent ends of two floor-beams overlie a single girder. or where continuous portions of a floor-beam and girder cross each other, they may be conveniently tied together by obliquely disposed upper and lower clamps 36 and 37 united by side bolts 88 (Fig. 7).

Fig. 8 illustrates another means of con necting the intersecting steel floor-members. the same consisting simply of a pair of flat clamp-plates 39 adapted to overlie adjacent portions of the contacting lower and upper flanges of the beams and girders, respectively, and secured in place by short bolts 40 passed therethrough. and through the lower flanges of. tha-foor-beams. Asherelnahove stated the light steel girder's ancl floor (beams-fare designed and in tended to nerve 'as'ite'nsional reinforcement crete.

girder transversely disposed metal members that extend from the tension to the compression region and act to resist longitudinal and oblique shearing strains in the coin shown such shear-resisting members in the form of Ubars 41 which pass through holescompression region of the concrete. 1 it will be noticed particularly by r'efeh- In Fig. 4 of the drawings Ih'a e" ence to 3 and that the ends of the liQ'lll steel girders and floor-beams are em bedued in the concrete forming the'mainbody and emering of the columns and1depend on this for ultimate security." Therefore such girders and beams do, not have to be precise in length, and do not have to have exact connection holes for riveting, etc, as would be required it the steel had to do all of the load-carrying and depend 011 the connections made. The setting of the steel in place is also much more simple and expeditious than is required where the connections must be more precise.

I have shown herein only a few ways and means for connecting the beams and girders together and to the steel of the upright-stor the purpose of securing sufficient temporary strength and rigidity of the steel Work to enable the erection of the latter to proceed independently and ahead of the concrete; and it will be evident to thoseskilled in this art that an almost indefinite number of other and equivalent details may be used all toward the same end.

For the running in and shaping of the concrete to form the finished, walls. columns, beams. girders and flooring. suitable molds and centering forms are. of course. employed; but as these are old and in common use I have not deemed it necessary to illustrate or describe them herein. They are put in place and the concrete run in as the steel work proceeds. but sufliciently behind the latter not to present any interference therewith.

It is believed that the foregoing description. taken in connection with the accompanying drawings showing typical. examples of construction. will make clear to those skilled in the art of fire-proot'tuiilding the novel manner of erecting reinforced concrete building structures underlying my present invention, whereby. as above stated, I am enabled to combine all the advantages of the standard steel skeleton construction with the economy of the reinforced concrete construe tion.

&

proposed to erect a reinforced concrete build:

ing by erecting a metal fraine'of tubes and pipes united by screw-threaded couplings and suitably bracedand applying a filling and covering of cement or concrete thereto;

also by' independently molding concrete colun ons, girders and floor beams around metal reinforcin members consisting of upright tubes or pipes in the columns and horizontal 1O truss-ed tubes or pipes in the girders and floor beams; and subsequently assembling and uniting such reinforced concrete members into a building structure.

I am also aware that it is old, in metalconcrete elevator bins, to employ skeleton metal columns filled and surrounded by concrete,'with concrete side alls reinforced by laterally-bowed metal rods hooked'at their ends intothe upright members of the skeleton columns, and with concrete bottoms tensionally reinforced by interlaced bent suspension bars embedded therein.

Furthermore, I am aware that the use of lattice-work, associated with promiscuous longitudinal bars and rods and forming loops, ties and struts for the latter, as an "element of-a concrete. reinforcing framework, is old and known.

My present invention inheres in none of these, but rather in a building construction involving a reinforcement of light framed s eel beams of standard rolled shapes hereinabo' described and distinguished from knowfioides and forms of reinforced concrete cons'tfuction.

What, therefore, I claim and desire to se "cure by Letters Patent is '1. A monolithic multi-story reinforcedconcrete structure consisting of a series of 40 concrete columns each reinforced by an emm aesa;

bedded skeleton steel structure and a series of concrete floor structures each being reinforeed by steel girders whose ends extend into and terminate within the skeleton steel structures in the columns and also by steelfloor-beams whose ends are supported upon said girders, those floor-beams which are in the planes of the columns having their ends extended into and terminated in the skeleton steel structures in the columns, whereby the reinforcing girders and floor-beams are tied together by the masses of concrete in the columns. i. v I

:2. In a multi-story reinforced concrete building structure embodying continuously cast integral columns and floor slabs. a reinforcing frame of steel comprising a series of column reinforcements and floor reinforcing frames, the members of said floor reinforcing frames all'being located below the neutral axes of the respective floor slabs iii-which they lie, and which. are directly and continuously connected to each other throughout the en- 4 the area of each of said reinforcingframes of each floor and are additionally directlyand rigidly connected to the reinforcement of each supporting column, whereby a continuous reinforcing frame of great lightness;

and unusual rigidity is produced. capable when fully erected of withstanding alone all ordinary loads of men, material and'scaffolding used during construction.

In testimony that I claim'the foregoing as my invention I have hereunto subscribed my namein the presence oftwo witnesses.

GUY WAITE.

Witnesses Jnssn GRAN-'1 Ron, 'LnoNAnn I. Ron. 

